Marco Polo’s Influence on Christopher Columbus Essay

Marco Polo’s Travels detailed in Europe of the fourteenth and fifteenth century another impression of the Eastern world, a world similarly as cutting edge and refined as that of the West. However, an additional two centuries were required for a noteworthy change to happen; this was Christopher Columbus’ journey. For Christopher Columbus, Marco Polo’s travelog was a significant and strong asset that contained the essential subtleties of the East. The geological portrayals in his composing produced a reason for Columbus’ logical figurings for his undertaking and the unequivocal delineations of the advantage of Cipangu and Cathay, imperfect however they were, made a solid inspiration for Columbus. In the twelfth of May 1492, Christopher Columbus, joined by the compositions of Marco Polo, heads out to change history until the end of time. Marco Polo’s travelog was the main composed record to have illuminated the European world with subtleties of the Eastern world. In the year 1254, when Marco Polo was conceived in a respectable group of Venice, the open information on the East was near nothing. Since the time the long stretches of Alexander the Great, Europe had scant data about its neighboring human advancement. Albeit fundamental exchange courses were available along the Silk Road, â€Å"no one in the West appears to have had any thought of the nation from which it had come or those through which it had passed.† Islamic nations that encompassed Europe, alongside the Atlantic Ocean made a characteristic obstruction, disengaging the Europeans from the remainder of the world. Indeed, even the lively vendors of Venice, Genoa, and Constantinople couldn't infiltrate past the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. â€Å"The religion and business of Islam were thriving all through that continent† after the principal Crusades. Because of this solid â€Å"Islamic curtain†, the Europeans were ignorant of the presence of the Mongol domain bit by bit ascending as one of the world superpowers until Marco Polo returned with intriguing stories after his administration under the Great Khan. The seventeen years of administration under Kublai Khan securely and advantageously gave Marco a wide scope of encounters in the Asian mainland. The Polo siblings, Maffeo and Nicolo Polo (father and uncle of Marco Polo) had at first met with the Khan a few years before they took Marco on their second excursion to China. Let me let you know next of the individual appearance of the Great Lord of Lords whose name is Kubilai Khan. He is a man of good height, neither short nor tall yet of moderate tallness. His appendages are all around fleshed out and displayed in due extent. His composition is reasonable and rosy like a rose, the eyes dark and attractive, the nose shapely and set solidly set up. The Khan was an insightful and daring man, and Marco being an ace four dialects and youthful and solid as he might have been, the Khan named him to a high post in the organization. Marco was given a brilliant tablet looking like a tiger’s head, â€Å"which ground Ch’ang Ch’un a free pass and the privilege of help wherever in the Mongol Realm.† With adequate access, Marco had the option to visit different places in Asia and increased a plenteous measure of involvement in its way of life. He represents the geology, atmosphere, individuals, and religions of the East inside and out, referencing the formula of Mongolian dried milk. Marco Polo’s accomplishments were just finished after his arrival home, when experiences Rustichello of Pisa, a sentiment essayist who turned into his colleague in placing his accounts into a book. Two years before the passing of Kublai Khan, the Polos were doled out their last strategic escort the Mongol princess Kokachin to wed the Persian ruler, and afterward to get back. Meticulously, they achieved their crucial showed up home in the winter of 1295. Marco starts another existence with the gems and gold gained in his excursion. At the point when a war among Venice and Genoa begins, Marco is caught and detained for a year in the Genoese jail. Here he meets Rustichello, to whom Marco recounts to the accounts of his extraordinary excursion. After his arrival home, Marco, in spite of the fact that Rustichello did the greater part of the work, distributes his travelog: Marco Polo Travels. Marco’s book stayed more for diversion purposes until the 1450s and 60s when Johann Gutenberg designs the letterpress and catalyzes its spread. From the outset, numerous individuals were distrustful about his book. His composing contained numerous notices of legends and fantasies that appeared to be very overstated. Neither did Marco incorporate any portrayals about the Great Wall. Despite theseâ controversies, his book got one of the main books to be greatly distributed through the Gutenberg’s letterpress. Ventures spreads out through Europe in a matter of moments. When all of Europe is stunned by his book, Marco approaches his passing, leaving the final words: â€Å"I have just told the half of what I saw!† Whether or not Marco’s words were dependable was not an issue now. In the years following Marco’s passing, gigantic changes happened in the psyches of Europeans including the view of world topography, legitimately influencing Columbus’ arrangements. The TO delineate speaks to the medieval comprehension of the world. (Graph joined to the back) The circle O, speaks to the world and the parts of the T, the Don and the Nile. Asia fills the upper semi hover and in the left and right of the upstanding segment of the T, which speaks to the Mediterranean, lays Africa and Europe. In the inside is Jerusalem and at the top is Earthly Paradise of Adam and Eve, accepted at an opportunity to be the wellspring of extraordinary streams, for example, the Tigris and the Euphrates. Pictures of Noah’s Ark, the Tower of Babel, and others of the book of scriptures can be found on the guide. As introduced, the TO delineate the crude type of the world guide before the long stretches of Marco Polo. The world guide quickly developed beginning from the distributing of Marco’s book to the hour of Columbus. The effect of Marco Polo’s works is shown in these maps. Among the various forms of various maps, â€Å"the first maps known to us†¦ unequivocally impacted by Marco’s Books which despite everything stay to †¦[is]†¦ the Catalan Atlas,† drawn up by the Majorcan Jew Abraham Cresques at around 1380. Here is presented just because, India, as a promontory and pictures and terrains of the Great Khan. The guide additionally remembers for it pictures of customary legends of the territory. Extraordinary similarity can be found among them and those of Marco’s book. Portrayals of the world became greater and more extensive until at long last, even the thought of a way westbound to Asia is raised. At the point when the effect of Marco Polo began to occur, a doctor of Florence by the name of Paolo Toscanelli, assumed the job of changing the thoughts of Marco Polo into the logical motivations for Christopher Columbus. Toscanelli was one of Marco Polo’s adherents, who bolstered Marco Polo’s gauge of the length of Asia to be right. He contended that, as per his counts, â€Å"a journey of 3000miles from Lisbon to Cipangu and 500miles from Lisbon to Quinsay† was conceivable. With this estimation, he encouraged men that an endeavor for the hunt of Japan, portrayed as the â€Å"most fruitful in gold,† ought to be sorted out. Among these men was the youthful and aspiring Christopher Columbus. The hypotheses of Toscanelli animated the scholarly enthusiasm of Columbus and soon Columbus was resolved to discover more. Columbus composed Toscanelli addressing him for increasingly thorough data. Toscanelli answered with a consolation of Columbus’ yearnings and a graph of counts, which he conveyed with him on his journey. At this point, Columbus was resolved to place his contemplations enthusiastically. In spite of the fact that Columbus’ estimations were deliberately made, its vast majority was wrong. One of his significant computations was his confusion of a degree. He thought the length of a degree was 562/3 Italian nautical miles. (â€Å"the Italian nautical mile utilized by Columbus contained 1480 meters† ) This was not his own thought, however of the overall population of his time. As indicated by Henry Vignaud, he acquired his outcomes â€Å"because he knew ahead of time what he needed to find.† Based on his degree and different components including the estimations of Toscanelli, Columbus’ end came out to be a long way from reality. It came out that Tokyo would be on the meridian that goes through Western Cuba, Chattanooga, Grand Rapids, and Western Ontario. As it were, â€Å"he disparaged the size of the world by 25 percent.† Yet, until his real flight, he did not understand at all of his slip-ups or of the American landmass. Marco Polo had furnished Columbus with significant data of the East, however Columbus had not realized that there were such huge numbers of more interesting points, for example, the presence of a different universe in the West. Fifteenth century Europe was a period of investigation and disclosure; enthusiasm of the Eastern world was expanding quickly ordinary. Exchange with the Indies, which alluded to the majority of Eastern Asia, prospered during the hour of Columbus, particularly in Portugal and Spain where gone through a large portion of his time on earth. â€Å"The record of Polo’s heads out advised how to purchase flavors from the East,† andâ other merchandise, for example, silk, gold, silver, or aromas were likewise taken via bands across Asia to Constantinople and afterward redistributed through Europe. Despite the fact that the cost was expensive because of long and difficult procedure of postage, the interest for these stocks kept on ascending as the measure of extravagance and abundance of Europe likewise expanded. In this way, it was soon clear for another and shorter course for the bringing in of these assets. Rehashed endeavors were made to get around Africa to India. Columbus, nonetheless, â€Å"deci

Free Essays on How Information Technology Has Affected The Buisness World

How Information Technology Has Affected the Business World? Data innovation has been ceaselessly reforming the manner in which we live; data is currently accessible momentarily and in mind boggling sums. The central issue that remaining parts is the way these developing innovations are influencing the individual, social, instructive, and political parts of the business world and of our lives. Likely the one part of Information Technology that has the biggest effect on the business world is the World Wide Web [2]. The Web has fundamentally disposed of any cutoff points on correspondence around the globe and has to a great extent improved the effectiveness of practically all parts of the business. We see the effect of data innovation on the library as the center establishment of colleges around the nation and even the World. The World Wide Web will affect extraordinarily upon the library whether the library needs it to or not, and this effect will in enormous part be directed to the library by powers both mechanically and socially based, and along these lines past the library’s generally speaking control. The Web is changing the harmony between the library as supplier of data and showing personnel as suppliers of instruction [2]. One piece of the World Wide Web that has given the business and the remainder of the World with the most comforts is E-mail. This has completely reshaped the showcasing plan for some organizations over the globe. â€Å"E-mail advertising efforts are quicker, less expensive and more compelling than regular postal mail battles and will eventually supplant them, as indicated by an examination from statistical surveying organization Gartner Inc†[3]. Numerous organizations despite everything utilize the postal assistance as their essential crusades device, yet email advertising efforts can be assembled in seven to ten business days, contrasted with four with about a month and a half to finish a regular postal mail battles. Answers show up in three days contrasted with a normal of three to about a month and a half for a postal mail campaig... Free Essays on How Information Technology Has Affected The Buisness World Free Essays on How Information Technology Has Affected The Buisness World How Information Technology Has Affected the Business World? Data innovation has been persistently altering the manner in which we live; data is presently accessible momentarily and in amazing sums. The central issue that remaining parts is the way these developing innovations are influencing the individual, social, instructive, and political parts of the business world and of our lives. Most likely the one part of Information Technology that has the biggest effect on the business world is the World Wide Web [2]. The Web has essentially killed any cutoff points on correspondence around the globe and has to a great extent improved the productivity of practically all parts of the business. We see the effect of data innovation on the library as the center foundation of colleges around the nation and even the World. The World Wide Web will affect enormously upon the library whether the library needs it to or not, and this effect will in huge part be directed to the library by powers both innovatively and socially based, and consequently past the library’s generally speaking control. The Web is changing the harmony between the library as supplier of data and showing personnel as suppliers of training [2]. One piece of the World Wide Web that has given the business and the remainder of the World with the most comforts is E-mail. This has completely reshaped the advertising plan for some organizations over the globe. â€Å"E-mail showcasing efforts are quicker, less expensive and more successful than post office based mail crusades and will eventually override them, as per an investigation from statistical surveying organization Gartner Inc†[3]. Numerous organizations despite everything utilize the postal help as their essential battles device, yet email advertising efforts can be assembled in seven to ten business days, contrasted with four with about a month and a half to finish a standard mail crusades. Answers show up in three days contrasted with a normal of three to about a month and a half for a postal mail campaig...

7 Common Myths About Panic Attacks

7 Common Myths About Panic Attacks More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions Panic attacks are typically begin with a sense of dread and anxiety. During a panic attack, the person can experience 4 or more of the following symptoms: Accelerated heart rate or heart palpitations Choking or suffocating sensations Chest pain Trembling or shaking Shortness of breath Depersonalization and derealization Nausea or abdominal pain Fear of losing control Excessive sweating Feelings of nervousness Fear of dying Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions about panic attacks. It can be frustrating for panic attack sufferers to explain their condition to others, especially when there are so many misunderstandings and false assumptions about these attacks. Read ahead to learn about common myths about panic attacks. Each myth is followed up with the facts about panic attacks. Myth: Panic attacks are an overreaction to stress and anxiety. You may have heard someone say something along the lines of “Oh I was so worried, I just about had a panic attack,” “You scared me so much, I started to have a panic attack,” or “I had a panic attack because I was so nervous.” These types of statements undermine what it means to truly have a panic attack. Expected anxiety or nervousness over life stressors or situation are not the same as having a panic attack. Additionally, people who have panic attacks are not overreacting to anything in their environment. That would imply that the person somehow has control over their symptoms. People with panic disorder have attacks that occur out-of-the blue, without warning or any cue in the environment. Panic sufferers may learn to manage these attacks, but they do not have control over the fact that they experience them. Myth: Panic attacks are only a symptom of panic disorder. Although panic attacks are the main symptom of panic attacks, these attacks can occur with other mental health or medical conditions. Panic attacks have also been associated with mental health disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), agoraphobia, eating disorders, social anxiety disorder (SAD), depression, and bipolar disorder. These attacks may also be linked to certain medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). other digestive disorders, and sleep disorders. Myth: Panic attacks can only occur when the person is awake. Panic attacks more commonly occur while a person is awake, however, they can also happen while the person is sound asleep. Known as nocturnal panic attacks, these symptoms can wake a person out of their sleep. It is not unusual for a person to feel frightened when this occurs. Nocturnal panic attacks are frequently met with feelings of fear and a sense disconnection from oneself and one’s surroundings. The person may believe they are having a nightmare and can find it very difficult to fall back asleep once the panic attack subsides. Myth: Panic attacks can make you go insane. When panic strikes, the person may become afraid that they are going to completely lose control. There is often a sense of embarrassment. Additionally, many fear that they are going to completely lose their minds and go insane. The truth is that although panic attacks are most likely caused by an underlying mental health condition, they are no indication that a person is about to “go crazy.” In fact, panic attacks generally reach a peak within 10 minutes before gradually subsiding.  Once the attack eases up, the person can expect to still feel on edge for quite some time but has no reason to worry about going insane. Myth: You can die from a panic attack. Many first-time panic attack sufferers end up in the emergency room out of concern that they are experiencing a medical emergency. Symptoms such as accelerated heart rate, chest pain, excessive sweating, and shortness of breath can all be perceived of as a frightening ordeal that necessitates immediate help. Panic attacks may have symptoms that imitate other medical conditions, but they are not considered life threatening. If in doubt, you should always seek medical attention. Myth: Panic attacks can be avoided. Many people hold the belief that you can prevent panic attacks by avoiding the stimuli that trigger them. For example, a person may have come to the conclusion that if fear of flying leads to panic attacks, then the person should simply not fly. However, this is false for several reasons. First, panic disorder sufferers have panic attacks that occur unexpectedly, without environmental cause. There isn’t anything they can avoid, as the attacks can occur at any time. Second, a person with a phobia as described above may have panic attacks when faced with a particular fear, such as flying. However, avoiding the objects or situations will only increase a person’s anxiety and fear. One of the most effective ways to get past anxiety triggers is to face them while trying to maintain a relaxed state. Myth: There’s little you can do to lessen your panic attacks. Facing your fears and learning to manage your panic attacks can best be accomplished through professional help.  You will first need to schedule with your doctor so that you can be evaluated to determine the mental health or medical condition that is causing your attacks. Once your diagnosis has been made, your doctor can assist you in deciding on a course of treatment. Common treatment options include medications and psychotherapy. Through continued treatment, you may be able to control these attacks and return back to your previous levels of functioning.

How Should Bullying Be Stopped, And What Laws Are There...

How to Stop Bullying Bethany Holeman Political Science Core: Mandatory Writing Assignment Section 142.010 Stephen F. Austin State University Department of Government Fall 2014 Abstract How should bullying be stopped, and what laws are there against bullying? What is the impact of bullying? Bullying has been around for centuries. There are states with anti-bullying laws, but most do not implement the laws correctly. This major issue needs to be taken more seriously, and handled in the correct ways. Texas has a number of laws, or codes, to attend to the pandemic of bullying. There are many steps to take to insure the decline of bullying rates. Bullying has a negative impact on the lives of the victims. Introduction Feuds among individuals have been around forever. However, the term bully has been in existence since 1693. The term bully means â€Å"to affect by means of force or coercion† (Background on Bullying n.d.). Out of all the countries, the United States has the worst problem because bullying is legal in most states. Bullying was not viewed as a major issue until the early 1970’s. Although some states have anti-bullying laws, most do not address the major issues regarding the problem or any solutions as to how to stop bullying. â€Å"One in four students are bullied every month† (Background on Bullying n.d.), therefore forcing schools to have anti-bullying policies to make the students and parents feel safer overall. There are numerous differentShow MoreRelatedBullying Is The Main Reason People Bully Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is one of the worst things you can go through. It is where someone who is insecure, jealous, or going through some thing or whatever is happening and call people names or hit them or just be rude and cruel to them because they think it’s funny but it’s not. 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The Bhopal Disaster of 1984 - 6444 Words

Bulletin of Science, Technology Society http://bst.sagepub.com/ The Bhopal Disaster of 1984 Roli Varma and Daya R. Varma Bulletin of Science Technology Society 2005 25: 37 DOI: 10.1177/0270467604273822 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bst.sagepub.com/content/25/1/37 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Association for Science, Technology Society Additional services and information for Bulletin of Science, Technology Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bst.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav†¦show more content†¦R. Varma, 1986; D. R. Varma Guest, 1993). In 2002, a play â€Å"Bhopal† was staged in Canada as well as in India. The Nature of Things of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation screened the documentary â€Å"Bhopal: The Search for Justice,† directed by Peter Raymont and Lindalee Tracey, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Bhopal disaster. The Bhopal issue has been taken up by numerous organizations. Sambhavana Foundation, which came into being as a response to the disaster, operates a free clinic for the victims, does epidemiological and envi- I Bulletin of Science, Technology Society, Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2005, 37-45 DOI: 10.1177/0270467604273822 Copyright ï›™ 2005 Sage Publications Downloaded from bst.sagepub.com at University of Wollongong on March 3, 2012 38 BULLETIN OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE / February 2005 Figure 1. Map of Bhopal showing the location of the UCIL plant and the areas most severely affected (shaded). Inset: Location of Bhopal in India. ronmental research, and is building a hospital. 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How to Make a Grilled Cheese Sandwich Free Essays

Tiayna Bradford BRADFORD 1 Mary Jo M. Keiter English 051 Oct 18, 2012 How to make a grilled cheese sandwich on an electric stove. First you need to make sure that you have all the things needed for this process. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Make a Grilled Cheese Sandwich or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Frying pan 2. Bread 3. Butter or Margarine 4. Butter knife 5. Cheese 6. Plate First you take out two pieces of bread and lay them on your plate. Then you open up the butter, get the butter knife; put some butter on the knife, then spread it on one side of the bread. Make sure that the side you put the butter on is the side down. The other side of the bread that is faces up; put two slices of cheese on it. After you put the cheese on it; put piece bread on it, then spread butter on that side too. When that part is done, turn the stove on number four; so that it is not up to high; or to low. Place the frying pan on the eye that you turned on. Once it gets hot put the sandwich in the pan. You can put a lid on it to make it cook faster or just leave it open. Let it cook for like two minutes and then turn it to the other side and repeat the same thing. Once you see that the bread is brown a little, you can take it out using a spactula. It is then ready to eat. How to cite How to Make a Grilled Cheese Sandwich, Essay examples

World Population in Past 50 Years free essay sample

For the last 50 years, world population multiplied more rapidly than ever before, and more rapidly than it is projected to grow in the future. In 1950, the world had 2. 5 billion people; and in 2005, the world had 6. 5 billion people. By 2050, this number could rise to more than 9 billion (see chart World Population Growth, 1950-2050). Anthropologists believe the human species dates back at least 3 million years. For most of our history, these distant ancestors lived a precarious existence as hunters and gatherers. This way of life kept their total numbers small, probably less than 10 million. However, as agriculture was introduced, communities evolved that could support more people. World population expanded to about 300 million by A. D. 1 and continued to grow at a moderate rate. But after the start of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, living standards rose and widespread famines and epidemics diminished in some regions. Population growth accelerated. The population climbed to about 760 million in 1750 and reached 1 billion around 1800. We will write a custom essay sample on World Population in Past 50 Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page World Population Distribution by Region, 1800–2050 Source: United Nations Population Division, Briefing Packet, 1998 Revision of World Population Prospects; and World Population Prospects, The 2006 Revision. In 1800, the vast majority of the worlds population (85 percent) resided in Asia and Europe, with 65 percent in Asia alone (see chart, World Population Distribution by Region, 1800–2050). By 1900, Europes share of world population had risen to 25 percent, fueled by the population increase that accompanied the Industrial Revolution. Some of this growth spilled over to the Americas, increasing their share of the world total. World population growth accelerated after World War II, when the population of less developed countries began to increase dramatically. After millions of years of extremely slow growth, the human population indeed grew explosively, doubling again and again; a billion people were added between 1960 and 1975; another billion were added between 1975 and 1987. Throughout the 20th century each additional billion has been achieved in a shorter period of time. Human population entered the 20th century with 1. 6 billion people and left the century with 6. 1 billion. The growth of the last 200 years appears explosive on the historical timeline. The overall effects of this growth on living standards, resource use, and the environment will continue to change the world landscape long after. Exponential Growth As long ago as 1789, Thomas Malthus studied the nature of population growth in Europe. He claimed that population was increasing faster than food production, and he feared eventual global starvation. Of course he could not foresee how modern technology would expand food production, but his observations about how populations increase were important. Population grows geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8 †¦), rather than arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4 †¦), which is why the numbers can increase so quickly. A story said to have originated in Persia offers a classic example of exponential growth. It tells of a clever courtier who presented a beautiful chess set to his king and in return asked only that the king give him one grain of rice for the first square, two grains, or double the amount, for the second square, four grains (or double again) for the third, and so forth. The king, not being mathematically inclined, agreed and ordered the rice to be brought from storage. The eighth square required 128 grains, the 12th took more than one pound. Long before reaching the 64th square, every grain of rice in the kingdom had been used. Even today, the total world rice production would not be enough to meet the amount required for the final square of the chessboard. The secret to understanding the arithmetic is that the rate of growth (doubling for each square) applies to an ever-expanding amount of rice, so the number of grains added with each doubling goes up, even though the rate of growth is constant. Similarly, if a countrys population begins with 1 million and grows at a steady 3 percent annually, it will add 30,000 persons the first year, almost 31,000 the second year, and 40,000 by the 10th year. At a 3 percent growth rate, its doubling time — or the number of years to double in size — is 23 years. (The doubling time for a population can be roughly determined by dividing the current growth rate into the number 69. Therefore, 69/3=23 years. Of course, if a populations growth rate does not remain at this rate, the projected doubling time would need to be recalculated. ) The growth rate of 1. 2 percent between 2000 and 2005, when applied to the worlds 6. 5 billion population in 2005, yields an annual increase of about 78 million people. Because of the large and increasing population size, the number of people added to the global population will riain high for several decades, even as growth rates continue to decline. Between 2005 and 2030, most of this annual growth will occur in the less developed countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America whose population growth rates are much higher than those in more developed countries. The populations in the less developed regions will most likely continue to command a larger proportion of the world total. While Asias share of world population may continue to hover around 60 percent through 2050, Europes portion has declined sharply and is likely to drop even more during the 21st century. Africa would gain part of Europes portion, and the population in Latin America and the Caribbean would remain relatively constant around 8 percent (see chart, World Population Distribution by Region, 1800–2050, above). The more developed countries in Europe and North America, as well as Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, are growing by less than 1 percent annually. Population growth rates are negative in many European countries, including Russia (-0. %), Estonia (-0. 4%), Hungary (-0. 3%), and Ukraine (-0. 8%). If the growth rates in these countries continue to fall below zero, population size would slowly decline. As the chart World Population Growth, 1950–2050 shows, population increase in more developed countries is already low and is expected to stabilize. Terms Birth rate (or crude birth rate): The annual number of births per 1,000 total population. Doubling time: The number of years required for the population of an area to double its present size, given the current rate of population growth. Population doubling time is useful to demonstrate the long-term effect of a growth rate, but should not be used to project population size. Many more-developed countries have very low growth rates. But these countries are not expected to ever double again. Most, in fact, likely have population declines in their future. Many less-developed countries have high growth rates that are associated with short doubling times, but are expected to grow more slowly as birth rates are expected to continue to decline. Growth rate: The number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a population in a year due to natural increase and net migration; expressed as a percentage of the population at the beginning of the time period. Less developed countries: Less developed countries include all countries in Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean, and the regions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. More developed countries: More developed countries include all countries in Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.